Anatomy of the Eye

Many people fear blindness more than any other disability. We use our eyes in virtually everything we do, and we depend on our vision to steer us through our daily lives.

The eye allows us to see the shapes, colors and dimensions of objects by processing the light they reflect or give off. The anatomy of the eye allows humans to see in dim light or bright light, but not in the absence of light. The eye changes light rays into electrical signals and then sends the signals to the brain. The brain interprets these electrical signals as visual images.

The eye measures approximately one inch in diameter and is set in a protective cone-shaped cavity in the skull called the orbit or socket. The orbit is surrounded by layers of soft, fatty tissue that protect the eye and allow it to turn easily. Six muscles regulate the motion of the eye. Among the more important parts of the anatomy of the human eye are the cornea, conjunctiva, iris, lens, retina, macula and the optic nerve.

Cornea

The cornea is sometimes referred to as the “window of the eye.” It provides most of the focusing power when light enters your eye. The cornea is composed of five layers of tissue. The outer layer is the epithelium. This layer is made up of highly regenerative cells that allows for fast healing of superficial injuries. The two middle layers of the cornea provide strength, shape and structural stability to the eye. The two inside layers work to keep fluid out of the cornea and maintain its optical clarity.  LASIK laser vision correction is performed on this part of the eye.

Lens

The lens is the clear structure located behind the iris. Its primary function is to provide fine-tuned focusing for near vision. The lens performs this function by altering its shape to become thinner or thicker as necessary. Between the ages of 40 and 50, the lens becomes less flexible and presbyopia sets in. As people reach their 60s or 70s, the lens can become cloudy and hard (cataract formation), preventing light from entering the eye.

LASIK eye

Pupil

The pupil is the hole in the center of your iris (the colored part of your eye). The primary function of the pupil is to control the amount of light entering your eye. When you are in a bright environment, the iris constricts, causing the pupil to become smaller to allow less light to pass through. When it is dark, the pupil expands to allow more light to reach the back of your eye.

Iris

The iris provides the color of the eye (i.e. blue/green/brown/hazel). The iris’ main role is to control the size of the pupil through contraction or expansion.

Vitreous Body

This is the clear, gel-like substance located inside the eye’s cavity. The purpose of the vitreous body is to provide a spherical shape to the eye. The vitreous may develop small clumps known as floaters. These are more common in nearsighted people than in the rest of the population.

Retina

The retina consists of fine nerve tissue that lines the inside wall of the eye and acts like the film in a camera. Its primary function is to transmit images to the brain. When your vision is perfect, the light rays coming into your eye focus precisely on this part of your eye.

Optic Nerve

The optic nerve carries electrical signals from the retina to the brain.

Sclera

The sclera is the white part of the eye’s anatomy. The sclera’s purpose is to provide structure, strength and protection to the eye.

Top 7 Reasons to Choose TLC for Your LASIK Procedure

If you’ve made the decision to pursue LASIK eye surgery, you are probably excited to take the next step toward your best vision without full time dependence on glasses and contacts. You may have researched the details on LASIK surgery itself, but what about LASIK providers? It is important to research your providers in order to find one that you feel comfortable with. Read on to learn more about what to look for in a provider, and why TLC Laser Eye Centers is your optimum LASIK provider!

Reason #1: Experienced LASIK Surgeons

The Laser eye center that you choose should only work with expert surgeons who are up-to-date on current trends and technologies in the field of LASIK eye surgery. Often, leading LASIK surgeons will maintain their expertise by seeking additional clinical training and certifications, such as those issued by American Board of Ophthalmology (ABO). Knowledgeable LASIK surgeons and their clinical teams will also diligently screen patients for candidacies, and only accept patients who meet all the qualifications required for the procedure.

The LASIK specialists at TLC Laser Eye Centers have performed over 2.3 million LASIK procedures. Not only do the surgeons have plenty of experiences, but also over 7,000 eye doctors have chosen TLC Laser Eye Centers for their own LASIK surgeries, demonstrating that TLC Laser Eye Centers is a trusted provider with experienced, skilled LASIK surgeons.

Reason #2: The Latest Laser Technologies

Medical technologies are always changing and improving, and a well-informed provider carefully monitors these LASIK advancements and is constantly making clinical decisions on adapting new technologies to deliver the best possible patient outcomes.

TLC Laser Eye Centers are passionate about using the latest laser technologies to care for our LASIK patients. Using modern LASIK, or bladeless LASIK, is just one example of how we provide personalized, custom LASIK treatments for each individual who comes to TLC Laser Eye Centers.

In addition to modern LASIK, TLC Laser Eye Centers also offer other vision correction procedures in order to match the best technology to each patient, including Contoura Vision and PRK. Having access to advanced patient testing instruments and multiple vision correction surgical technologies, our surgeons can determine the most suitable vision correction option to enhance our patients’ vision. At TLC Laser Eye Centers, we are committed to quality care and patient safety.

Reason #3: Affordable LASIK

There is a range of costs when you compare potential LASIK providers. Remember that the least expensive provider won’t necessarily be the best. In addition, many providers also offer financing to help achieve your goal of laser vision correction. It’s important to weigh all your considerations when you evaluate different LASIK centers. Your chosen provider should have the right surgeon and the right equipment for you to help make your LASIK dreams a reality.

TLC Laser Eye Centers offers LASIK financing options to help meet your needs. We work with insurance plans and companies to offer LASIK discounts to its members and employees. You may also be able to use funds from a Flexible Spending Account or Health Savings Account toward your LASIK eye surgery.

Reason #4: Referrals

When searching for any type of provider, you can’t underestimate the value of referrals from trusted friends or family. LASIK surgery is very popular; chances are you know one or several people who have had LASIK and are happy with their results. In addition to inquiring with your eye doctors, don’t forget to ask your family or friends about their experiences and which provider they recommend!

LASIK referral

Reason #5: Location

You need a provider that is close by. After all, it may not be most ideal to travel long distances before and after your quick LASIK procedure. With  convenient, nationwide locations, you can find a TLC Laser Eye Center near you!

Reason #6: Commitment

Find a provider who is committed to you and your vision—not just now, but in the future as well. Your visual needs may change with time, if you were to need a retreatment or an enhancement down the road, you want to know that your provider will be available.

With the TLC Lifetime Commitment program, you can be sure that TLC Laser Eye Centers will stand by you. We are dedicated to helping you maintain the best possible vision throughout your lifetime.

Reason #7: A Solid Partner

At TLC Laser Centers, we know that no one is more familiar with your eye health than your own eye doctor. That’s why TLC affiliated Doctors of Optometry will be an important part of your LASIK team. These optometric physicians partner with TLC Laser Centers because of our record of safety and patient satisfaction, as well as our years of experience in the field. By partnering with optometrists across the country, not only can we help you make the best decisions about your LASIK procedure, but we are also in the best position to care for you, both before and after your laser eye surgery.

If you’d like to learn more about the TLC commitment to vision, schedule a free LASIK consultation at a location near you.

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Is the Cost of LASIK Different Based on Where I Live?

There are many factors to consider when evaluating the cost of LASIK eye surgery, and understanding those factors can help you make an informed decision on choosing the LASIK provider that’s right for your needs. It’s not unusual to see LASIK centers offering very different price quotes. Reputable laser eye surgery providers will make pricing clear, so you understand all the various elements that are included in the pricing. This post takes a closer look at the cost of laser eye surgery, and how your location may impact that cost.

Understanding LASIK Cost Factors

To comprehend LASIK costs, consider several key factors beyond location. The surgeon you choose and the specific type of laser eye surgery procedure contribute to the overall price. Procedures like Custom Wavefront and Bladeless LASIK may have higher costs but come with distinct benefits. Additionally, the geographical area where you undergo laser eye surgery plays a significant role in determining the cost.

LASIK cost based on location
  • Cost of Living -The cost of living in your region directly affects the overall LASIK expenses. Higher basic living costs, including rent, gasoline, and utilities, can contribute to an increase in LASIK prices.
  • Business Operating Costs – Regions with a lower cost of living may offer more affordable LASIK prices, but areas with a higher cost of living can drive up the operating costs for LASIK providers, leading to regional variations in prices.
  • LASIK Surgeon Costs – Surgeon fees in metropolitan areas with a higher cost of living may slightly elevate the average LASIK price. Conversely, choosing LASIK in a community with a lower cost of living may result in a more budget-friendly option.

Choosing a Reputable LASIK Provider

Regardless of your location, a trustworthy LASIK surgeon ensures transparency in cost breakdown. Conduct thorough research and request an itemized list detailing the components covered in your LASIK procedure cost. This includes information on the laser technology utilized, post-operative care, and any potential post-surgery enhancements.

Ready to delve into the specifics of LASIK costs in your area? Schedule a free consultation at your local TLC Laser Eye Center. Seize this opportunity to gain comprehensive insights into LASIK, including the associated costs and all aspects of the procedure.

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Is Age a Barrier for LASIK?

Good news! Age doesn’t have to be a barrier to have LASIK. While the typical LASIK patient falls between 20 and 45 years old, the FDA only requires candidates to be at least 18. As long as your vision prescription has stabilized for at least a year, your eyes are healthy, and you’re in good overall health, you may be a good candidate for LASIK even after 50.

Why There’s No Upper Age Limit on LASIK

The FDA stipulates that the minimum age for LASIK candidates is 18, as our eyes and prescriptions may still undergo frequent changes before that age. However, there’s no upper age limit for LASIK, and the decision to undergo the procedure is based on individual health and vision factors.

LASIK Monovision

Here are some things to consider for LASIK after 50:

  • Presbyopia: After 45, many people experience near vision issues due to presbyopia. While LASIK isn’t always the best solution for presbyopia, TLC offers other vision correction technologies like Monovision.
  • Cataracts: Cataracts, which often develop after 55, can significantly impact vision. In most cases, cataract surgery is the preferred treatment option for older patients with vision problems.
  • Health conditions: Certain health conditions may impact your candidacy for LASIK. However, don’t rule it out based on health alone. Discuss your individual situation with a TLC LASIK specialist to determine if it’s a safe and effective option for you.

Basic LASIK Candidacy Requirements:

For LASIK candidacy, a stable vision prescription for at least one year, the absence of eye diseases, and good overall health are essential. It’s important to note that good overall health doesn’t have to mean perfect health, and consulting with a LASIK specialist is the best way to understand how laser eye surgery aligns with various health needs.

Regardless of age, if you’re curious about LASIK eye surgery’s suitability for your vision health needs, schedule a free consultation with a TLC LASIK specialist. Determine your candidacy and explore the potential benefits of laser eye surgery tailored to your unique requirements.

Ready to ditch your glasses and contacts for good? Schedule a free consultation with TLC LASIK specialists today! We’ll assess your vision health, discuss your options, and help you find the perfect solution for clear vision in your golden years.

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Discover the History of LASIK

Vision problems have long been a fact of life for humans, and for centuries glasses (and later, contact lenses) were the only solution available to most people. The first glasses were developed in the 13th century, the first contacts were created in 1888, and it wasn’t until the 1970s that procedures like LASIK eye surgery began to take shape. LASIK technology is always advancing, and the history of laser eye surgery goes a long way toward explaining why people with vision problems have so many potential treatment options today.

Laser Eye Surgery Research in the 1970s

The story of LASIK begins long before the first procedure was performed, in the research halls of major universities and businesses. Throughout the late 1970s, a procedure called Radial Keratotomy (RK), which shares similarities with LASIK, was performed in the United States. A major breakthrough came in 1980, when IBM researcher Rangaswamy Srinivasan discovered that the excimer laser – initially developed for computer chip production – was able to remove living tissue without causing thermal damage. Surgeon Steven Trokel of Columbia University published a key study in 1985 detailing the effectiveness of the excimer laser for RK surgery, which helped pave the way for LASIK eye surgery.

LASIK history

The First Laser Vision Correction Procedure (1988)

The first laser vision correction procedure took place in 1988, when a 60-year old woman with a serious vision problem allowed surgeon Marguerite McDonald to perform the first photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) procedure on her damaged eye. PRK surgery was approved by Canada in 1991, approved by the US in 1995, and remains in use to this day.

The Development of LASIK Eye Surgery

While the results of the first PRK surgery helped allow the procedure to reach the wider market, European eye doctors Ioannis Pallikaris and Lucio Burrato were busy working on ways to optimize laser eye surgery. They made the discovery that creating a “flap” in the cornea, rather than treating the surface, helped to minimize post-surgery discomfort and speed up the healing process. The flap allows surgeons to address vision problems at the source, and works as a natural bandage to help with the healing process. This was the beginning of LASIK eye surgery as we know it today, and LASIK was approved for use in the United States in 1999.

Refining LASIK and Creating New Procedures

In the present day, LASIK eye surgery is still on a path of innovation, as scientists and eye doctors continue to develop new technology. Patients can now choose unique options like Bladeless LASIK, which relies on a laser to create the flap, rather than a blade. The excimer laser remains a key part of laser eye surgery, and continues to be optimized over time.

Advances in the technology used to map the eye before surgery have also been a big part of the LASIK story, with procedures like Custom LASIK and Topography-Guided LASIK providing more precise data than ever to help plan your procedure. The detailed data helps surgeons customize your procedure to deliver the best results for your unique vision care needs. LASIK patients truly now have more options than ever before.

If the history of laser eye surgery tells us anything, it’s to expect LASIK technology to continue evolving. Procedures like Bladeless “all-laser” LASIK , Topography-Guided LASIK, and Custom LASIK each offer unique benefits, but none of it would have been possible without the many people who contributed to the development of laser eye surgery.

If you are considering LASIK eye surgery for your vision correction, start with a Free Consultation at a local TLC Laser Eye Center near you. It’s a great opportunity to meet with our caring staff and get all your questions answered.

Seeing Life Clearly: A Guide to Vision Correction Options (Updated November 2023)

Glasses, contacts, surgery? With so many options for correcting vision these days, how do you determine what is best for your eyes and lifestyle? In this overview, we break down the pros and cons of today’s vision correction methods—from old standbys like eyeglasses to cutting-edge surgical procedures—to help you make a clear-eyed decision.

Non-Surgical Vision Correction:

Eyeglasses

Pros

  • Non-Invasive: Eyeglasses offer a non-invasive and easily reversible method of vision correction.
  • Versatility: Suitable for correcting various refractive errors, including myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism, and presbyopia.
  • Fashion Accessory: Eyeglasses have evolved into a fashion statement, enabling individuals to express their style through a wide range of frames.

Cons 

  • Peripheral Distortion: Some individuals may experience peripheral distortion or reflections, affecting the clarity of vision. Lenses may also fog when transitioning between different temperatures.
  • Limited Peripheral Vision: Frames can limit peripheral vision, which may be a concern in certain activities.
  • Weight and Discomfort: Wearing glasses can become uncomfortable due to their weight and pressure on the bridge of the nose.

Contact Lenses—Convenient But Require Care 

Pros

  • Natural Appearance: Contact lenses provide a more natural appearance without the visible presence of eyeglasses.
  • Unrestricted Field of View: Unlike glasses, contact lenses don’t obstruct peripheral vision.
  • Suitable for Active Lifestyles: Ideal for individuals with active lifestyles or those who find glasses inconvenient.   

Cons  

  • Maintenance Required: Regular cleaning and proper hygiene practices are necessary to prevent eye infections.
  • Dry Eye Disease: Some individuals may experience dry eyes as a result of wearing contact lenses.     
  • Risk of Infections: Incorrect use or poor hygiene can lead to serious eye infections.
  • Environmental Concerns: The disposal of contact lenses and their packaging contributes to environmental waste.

Refractive Surgery:

Modern LASIK (Laser-Assisted In Situ Keratomileusis) Custom Bladeless—Most Popular Surgery

Pros  

  • Rapid Results: LASIK often provides rapid visual recovery, with many patients experiencing improved vision within the first several hours to a day.
  • Long-Lasting: The effects of LASIK are typically long-lasting, reducing or eliminating the need for glasses.

Cons

  • Surgical Risks: As with any surgery, LASIK carries some risks, including infection, dry eyes, and changes in vision.  
  • Cost: LASIK can be a significant financial investment compared to non-surgical methods.

PRK (Photorefractive Keratectomy):

Pros

  • No Flap Creation: PRK doesn’t involve creating a corneal flap, reducing the risk of flap-related complications.
  • Suitable for Thin Corneas: PRK may be a better option for individuals with thinner corneas.

Cons

  • Extended Recovery Time: PRK typically has a longer recovery period compared to LASIK.
  • Discomfort During Healing: Some discomfort and light sensitivity may be experienced during the initial healing phase.

SMILE (Small Incision Lenticule Extraction):

Pros

  • No Flap Creation: SMILE involves a small incision rather than a corneal flap, potentially reducing complications.
  • Potential Preservation of Corneal Strength: Early studies indicate that the SMILE procedure preserves more corneal tissue, benefiting the structural integrity of the cornea.

Cons

  • Limited Availability: SMILE may not be as widely available as LASIK or PRK.
  • Similar complications to LASIK: In studies, complications can be similar to LASIK, including infection, dry eyes, and changes in vision.
  • Cost: The SMILE procedure can cost significantly more than LASIK or PRK.

EVO ICL (Implantable Collamer Lens):

Pros

  • Reversible Procedure: EVO ICL is an implantable lens that can be removed if necessary, making the procedure reversible.
  • High Refractive Correction: EVO ICL is suitable for individuals with high degrees of myopia or hyperopia.

Cons

  • Invasive Procedure: EVO ICL involves a surgical procedure to implant the lens in the eye.
  • Potential for Complications: As with any surgical procedure, there is a risk of complications, including infection or changes in intraocular pressure, endothelial cell loss, and corneal decompensation.

Orthokeratology (Ortho-K):

Pros

  • Non-Surgical: Ortho-K involves the use of specially designed contact lenses to reshape the cornea overnight without surgery.
  • Daytime Freedom: Individuals can enjoy better vision during the day without the need for glasses or lenses.

Cons

  • Temporary Effects: The effects of Ortho-K are temporary, and consistent lens wear is required for sustained results.
  • Risk of Infection: Proper hygiene practices are crucial to prevent eye infections associated with contact lens use.
  • Vision Instability: Vision may change throughout the day depending on the frequency of use.
  • Comfort: It may be challenging to sleep with a rigid contact lens on the eye.

The vision correction arena offers more excellent options than ever. But determining what works best is a personal decision based on your eyes, budget, and lifestyle. With an understanding of today’s methods, you can zero in on the choice that allows you to see life most clearly. Choosing the most suitable method involves careful consideration of the pros and cons associated with each approach, along with consultation with a qualified eye care professional. Whether opting for the convenience of eyeglasses, the flexibility of contact lenses, or the transformative effects of refractive surgery, individuals can make informed decisions to achieve optimal visual clarity and comfort.

Does LASIK Cause Dry Eye?

Does LASIK Cause Dry Eye?

LASIK, a widely sought-after laser vision correction procedure, treats nearsightedness, farsightedness, and astigmatism. While generally safe, it’s essential to recognize potential risks, including the occurrence of dry eye. Discover the relationship between LASIK and dry eye, its symptoms, and ways to prevent it.

Dry Eye Defined:

Dry eye arises when tear production is insufficient or tears evaporate rapidly. Its symptoms encompass burning sensations, gritty or scratchy feelings, excessive tearing, light sensitivity, and/or blurred vision. This prevalent issue can affect people of all ages, with a higher prevalence in women and those frequently exposed to screens.

The LASIK Connection:

LASIK surgery can contribute to dry eye due to its impact on tear distribution across the eye’s surface. The creation of a corneal flap during LASIK may disrupt the tear film’s equilibrium, hindering even tear distribution and leading to dry eye symptoms.

Risk Assessment:

The likelihood of dry eye post-LASIK is relatively common. Most LASIK recipients encounter no symptoms, but some might experience mild to moderate discomfort that typically resolves with time.

Consultation and Prevention:

When considering LASIK, engaging in a conversation with your eye doctor is paramount. Discussing potential dry eye risks equips you to make an informed choice. In case dry eye emerges after LASIK, your eye doctor can suggest tailored treatments.

Preventing Dry Eye After LASIK:

  • Effective preventative measures include:
  • Regular use of artificial tears
  • Refraining from eye rubbing
  • Introducing a humidifier at home
  • Ensuring sufficient sleep
  • Staying well-hydrated

Managing Post-LASIK Dry Eye:

Should dry eye symptoms manifest after LASIK, promptly consulting your eye doctor is advised. Their expertise aids in identifying optimal treatments aligned with your specific needs.

Conclusion:

Understanding the reported link between LASIK and dry eye enables you to navigate the procedure’s risks effectively. Prioritizing your eye health through informed decision-making, preventative measures, and professional guidance ensures a positive LASIK experience.


Sources:

Refractive Surgery Council. “Is LASIK Safe? What You Need to Know,” October 13, 2022. https://americanrefractivesurgerycouncil.org/is-lasik-safe/#:~:text=LASIK%20is%20one%20of%20the,of%20patients%20suffer%20complications%20LASIK.

Shtein, Roni M. “Post-LASIK Dry Eye.” Expert Review of Ophthalmology. Taylor & Francis, October 1, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1586/eop.11.56.

Optometrists.org. “Dry Eyes After LASIK – Optometrists.Org,” November 12, 2021. https://www.optometrists.org/general-practice-optometry/optical/guide-to-laser-refractive-surgery/dry-eyes-after-lasik/.

20-20-20 Rule: Eye Care in Today’s Technology

Digital screens are everywhere. We work with screens, play with screens, and look at screens while we’re waiting in line. All of that screen-time comes with potential downsides, and may take a toll on our eyes over time. To try to minimize the negative effects and digital eye strain of extensive time looking at screens, many eye doctors suggest using the 20-20-20 rule as part of your eye health care. The catchy name makes it easy to remember, and ahead we’ll dive into the details of exactly how the 20-20-20 rule works.

Eye Care and Digital Eye Strain

What is the 20-20-20 rule?

Whether you’re using a phone, computer, tablet or watching TV, the idea behind the 20-20-20 rule is actually very simple: every 20 minutes that you’re looking at a screen, take a break and stare at an object 20 feet away for at least 20 seconds. That’s it. You don’t have to worry about walking off the distance, or pulling out a tape measure to make sure that the object is exactly 20 feet away. The idea is to pick an object that is close to 20 feet away.

The trick is making sure that you remember to do it every 20 minutes when you’re using a digital screen, and making sure that you look at the object for at least 20 seconds. This is a rule that you can follow almost anywhere, whether using a screen for productivity or enjoyment.

What about activities that don’t require a screen?

Screen time isn’t the only activity that can cause eye strain, and the 20-20-20 rule may apply in other situations, as well. If you’re reading a paper book, writing, or doing work that requires you to focus your vision consistently on very small details, then it may also be a good idea to give your eyes a rest using the 20-20-20 rule. No matter what activity you’re doing, the basics behind the 20-20-20 rule remain the same when considering your eye health care. Take a break every 20 minutes to look at an object 20 feet away for 20 seconds.

Do I really have to do it every 20 minutes?

When you’re working, reading, or watching a video, it’s easy to get caught up in what you’re doing. But yes, it’s a good idea to stay on schedule with the 20-20-20 rule whenever possible. The good news is that most of the devices you’ll be using will also have built in timers you can use to set reminders. Setting 20-20-20 reminders on your computer and phone is a great way to stay on track, and eventually taking those breaks simply becomes a habit.

Why follow the 20-20-20 rule?

Humans normally blink about 15 times per minute, according to the American Academy of Ophthalmology. However, when using a computer or other digital screens, we may only blink about one-third as often, which can lead to eye strain.

Digital eye strain caused by extensive screen use may be connected to certain vision problems, and can cause unpleasant symptoms like dry eyes, headache, light sensitivity, and eye fatigue. So in addition to potentially helping with long-term eye health issues, the 20-20-20 rule can also be an easy way to help limit some of the most common symptoms that come with extensive digital screen time.

If you have any questions about the 20-20-20 rule, how it works, or how it applies to you, speak with your eye health care provider to learn more. If you don’t have an eye doctor, use our doctor search to find a TLC Affiliate Eye Doctor near you. It’s a small step to take, and it may make a big difference.

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